This text is 15px high and is a Tahoma font, while links are 18px high and still Tahoma, but I don't need to specify that links have Tahoma because they inherit from their parents.
It's easy to think of HTML as a child/parent relationship which also helps understand how CSS works. An HTML tag is a child of another HTML tag when it appears within it. For example, "head" is a child of "html" and so is "body." This is why learning to format like I do makes it easier to understand.
Any tags in "body" are children of "body" and so on and so forth. In this case, "body" is a parent. CSS lets you style the parents, which the children inherit. Kind of like genetics. You have attributes that your parents do, but you may also have your own unique attributes. Like, links on this page are bigger then the rest of the page's fonts.